【摘要】随着中国国际地位的提升,越来越多的外国人开始听中国故事。十九大报告的英译文也是我国史上第一次邀请外籍翻译专家团队共同完成的。本文通过对比分析十八大、十九大报告的中英双语译文,从词汇、句法层面方面探讨政论文的新式表达及其翻译策略与技巧。研究发现:虽两个报告的词汇表达都丰富多彩,但十九大报告英译文的词汇表达更与时俱进,更加地道,能更好地向外国读者讲好中国故事,传播中国思想。
【关键词】十九大报告;十八大报告;英译;对比分析
【作者简介】翟鑫,曲阜师范大学外国语学院。
一、引言
政论文是外国读者了解中国政治、经济、文化状况的权威来源。随着中国国际影响力与日俱增,政论文的英译水平直接关系到我国的对外宣传工作,甚至关系到我国国际形象和国家利益。因此,准确清晰地翻译政治文本意义重大。
笔者在查阅相关资料时发现:详细对比分析十八大和十九大报告英译文的学术论文较少。所以,本文通过微观对比两个英译报告中相同词语、句子,总结出许多更新更加地道的英文表达。
二、对比分析两报告相同句子的英译表达
1.全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针。
We must fully and faithfully implement the principle of “one country, twosystems,” under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong and the people of Macao govern Macao and both regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy.(十八大)
It isimperative tofully and faithfully implement the policies of “one country, twosystems,” “the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong,” “the people ofMacao governing Macao,” and a high degree of autonomy for both regions.(十九大)
很明顯能够看到“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”和“高度自治”这三个中国特色词汇已重新修正。其次我们发现三个“方针”,十八大报告用principle来表达,而十九大报告选用policies,其意思是原则:a rule or a theory that sth is based on;policy的意思是政策方针:a way of doing something that has been officially agreed and chosen by a politicalparty, or another organization.显然十九大报告英译文的表述更精准。
2.培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。
Train participants of and successors to the socialist cause who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. We should provide well-rounded education for all students.(十八大)
Nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good andall-roundmoral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and arewell-prepared to join the socialist cause.(十九大)
十八大报告英译文用train来表达“培养,train的意思是培训训练。培训也有短期的培训。而nurture的意思是to feed and take care of a child or a plant while it is growing,表明培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人要从小孩子开始培养,是长期教育。更好地响应我国教育方针,更贴切表达我国教育方针的内涵。
3.深化科技体制改革,构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系。
We should deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology. we should establish a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market points the way, and enterprises, universities and research institutes work together.(十八大)
We will further reform the managementsystem for science and technology, develop a market-oriented system fortechnological innovation in which enterprises are the main players and synergy iscreated through the joint efforts of enterprises, universities, and research institutes.(十九大)
will的意思是意愿:used to show that someone is willing or ready to do something;should的意思是应该:used to say what is the right or sensible thing to do.两个表达的程度并不一样。且十八大报告英译文中出现了420个should,而十九大报告英译文只出现了97个should。并且法律文本的英译文中的should和will有严格区别。足以可见,十九大报告的英译文更讲求准确性,又讲求受众性。此外,市场为导向,十九大报告英译文用market-oriented更简洁。产学研相结,十九大报告英译文增加了synergy一词,其意思是the extra energy, power, success that is achieved by two or more people or companies working together, instead of on their own.表露出产、学、研相结合的成功意义之巨大。而十八大报告就没有表达出这番意义。
4.保障人民知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。
Uphold peoples right to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee Party and government operations.(十八大)
Ensure the peoples rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and tooversee.(十九大)
十九大報告英译文的不定式结构更加整齐。“保障”一词,十八大用uphold,其意思是支持:to defend or support a law, system, or principle so that it continues to exist. 而十九大用ensure,其意思是保障:to make certain that something will happen properly.因此,十九大报告英译文的选词更精细。
5.推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法。
We should make laws in a scientific way, enforce them strictly, administer justice impartially, and ensure that everyone abides by the law.(十八大)
We must promote the rule of law and work to ensure sound lawmaking, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and the observance of law by everyone.(十九大)
十八大报告英译文的结构看起来更整齐简洁。但仔细推敲“科学立法”的英译:make laws in a scientific way易让人误解。scientific的意思是used to describe things that relate to science or to a particular science.易使他人理解为运用有关科学的某种方式立法(电脑编辑而成)。而十九大报告巧妙采用词性转换的翻译技巧,将“立法”、“执法”、“司法”、“守法”转化为名词,表达灵活。且法律是严肃的,是每个公民必须遵守的。所以这句话的英译中,使用情态动词must比should更恰当。
三、结语
本文以十八大和十九大报告英译本为参考,从词汇、句子的两个维度来对比分析两个文本的差异,提取出一些政论文的英译翻译技巧,更提炼出地道的英语表达。此外,据统计,十八大英译文小标题是动名词,副标题是动词原形。整体看上去稍显凌乱,不利于更好地向外国读者传播中国思想。而十九大报告英译文小标题和副标题统一修正为动名词形式。结构整齐,更符合正规外宣文和政论文的写作特点。
因此,翻译时事政治文本,译者既要忠实于原语的内涵与风格,又要兼顾新型政治话语中发言人的个人风格,同时还要考虑国外受众准确接受信息的需求,创新性地体现中国特色政治话语的特点。外宣文本和政论文译员只有做到以上几点,才能更好地向外国友人讲好中国故事,传递中国思想。因此笔者建议MTI专业学生及职业译员在做外宣文或政论文翻译实践时,不确定的中国特色词汇一定要查阅中国特色话语对外翻译标准化术语库,使其翻译准确无误。
参考文献:
[1]苏俊安.基于认知识解的政治文本英译描写研究—以十九大报告英译为例[J].天水师范学院学报,2017(6):108-112.
[2]习近平决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——十九大报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[3]百度百科[OL]. https://baike.baidu.com/item/打蝇拍蚊,2018,7,28.
[4]前沿.陈明明给错译“拔钉子”看完收获太大[OL].http://www.catti.net.cn/2017-12/05/content_750863.htm,2018,7,28.
[5]胡锦涛.十八大报告全文英汉对照[OL].http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/news/2012-11/19/content_15941774.htm.
[6]Full text of Xi Jinping's report at 19th CPC National Congress from Xinhua[OL].http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/special/2017-11/03/c_136725942.htm,2017,11,03.
[7]中国特色话语对外翻译标准化术语库[OL].http://210.72.20.108/index/index.jsp.,2018,8,10.